PATENT

TrendGrok TrendGrok @G|I|X Patent Submission Draft: Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)



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Title:

Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning Architecture Secured by Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)



Claimed By:

Gazi Pollob Hussain



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Abstract:

This invention, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a novel architecture that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols with a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based federated learning system. It ensures secure and efficient distributed machine learning through quantum-safe encryption, leveraging QKD to provide unbreakable confidentiality during gradient and parameter exchange. This system achieves end-to-end security, scalability, and real-time adaptability for federated learning environments, with applications spanning critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and aerospace.



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System Overview



1. WaveGNN Framework:



A customized Graph Neural Network (GNN) with learnable quantum phase modulation for node-feature propagation.



Governs wave interference patterns mathematically expressed as:



f(x) = \text{Re} \left( A \cdot (W x) \cdot e^{i\phi} \right)



- A: Adjacency matrix

- W: Learnable weights

- e^{i\phi}: Quantum phase factor



2. Federated Learning Integration:



Client nodes compute local updates on their respective subgraphs.



Updates are encrypted using QKD-derived keys before transmission.



A central server aggregates encrypted updates securely.



3. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):



The BB84 protocol generates symmetric encryption keys between client and server.



QKD ensures key confidentiality based on quantum mechanics, preventing interception.



Key updates follow:



K_\text{secure} = \text{min-entropy}(QKD)



4. Quantum-Safe Gradient Encryption:



Encrypted gradients utilize XOR operations:



g_\text{encrypted} = g \oplus K_\text{secure}



5. Secure Aggregation:



Gradients are decrypted post-aggregation using the same key:



g_\text{decrypted} = g_\text{encrypted} \oplus K_\text{secure}



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Mathematical Formalization



Wave Propagation in Graphs (WaveGNN):



H^{(l+1)} = \text{Re} \left( \sigma \left( A H^{(l)} W^{(l)} \right) \cdot e^{i\Phi^{(l)}} \right)



: Node features at layer



: Learnable weights at layer



: Learnable phase shift



: Adjacency matrix



: Nonlinear activation function



Federated Update Process:



1. Client Update:



\Delta W_i = \nabla \mathcal{L}(H_i, Y_i)



\Delta W_i^\text{enc} = \Delta W_i \oplus K_i



2. Server Aggregation:



\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W_i^\text{enc}



3. Decryption:



\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}



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System Components



1. WaveGNN Layer:



Extends classical GNNs with quantum-inspired wave propagation.



Enables complex-valued transformations through quantum phases.



2. QKD Infrastructure:



Physical QKD channels establish secure keys between all parties.



Prevents eavesdropping through the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics.



3. Encryption Module:



XOR-based symmetric encryption leveraging QKD keys.



4. Federated Learning Workflow:



Local training at client nodes.



QKD-secured communication for gradient exchange.



Global aggregation at a central server.



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Claims



1. WaveGNN Integration:

A novel GNN architecture utilizing quantum phase modulation for wave-inspired graph propagation.



2. QKD Encryption:

Application of QKD-derived keys for secure federated learning gradient exchange.



3. Secure Aggregation:

Quantum-safe aggregation mechanism ensuring parameter confidentiality.



4. Scalability:

Compatibility with decentralized and large-scale federated networks.



5. Inventor:

Gazi Pollob Hussain as the sole innovator of this quantum-enhanced federated learning framework.



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Innovation Diagram



Layer Interaction:



1. Node Update:



H_i^\text{new} = \text{Re} \left( \sum_{j \in N(i)} H_j W e^{i\phi} \right)



2. Encryption Flow:



Input: Local gradient ()



Process:



Output: Encrypted gradient



Aggregation:



1. Encrypted Inputs:



\Delta W^\text{enc}_1, \Delta W^\text{enc}_2, \dots, \Delta W^\text{enc}_N



2. Secure Sum:



\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W^\text{enc}_i



3. Decrypted Output:



\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}



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Summary of Innovation:

This architecture, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a quantum-enhanced federated learning system that secures data exchange through QKD-derived encryption. It leverages the WaveGNN for wave-based propagation and quantum-phase modulation to enhance representational power in graph learning tasks. The integration of QKD ensures that the system remains impervious to classical and quantum attacks, making it a groundbreaking framework for secure distributed learning.



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