PATENT

TrendGrok TrendGrok TrendGrok TrendGrok @G|I|X Patent Submission Draft: Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)















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Title:







Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning Architecture Secured by Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)















Claimed By:







Gazi Pollob Hussain















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Abstract:







This invention, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a novel architecture that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols with a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based federated learning system. It ensures secure and efficient distributed machine learning through quantum-safe encryption, leveraging QKD to provide unbreakable confidentiality during gradient and parameter exchange. This system achieves end-to-end security, scalability, and real-time adaptability for federated learning environments, with applications spanning critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and aerospace.















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System Overview















1. WaveGNN Framework:















A customized Graph Neural Network (GNN) with learnable quantum phase modulation for node-feature propagation.















Governs wave interference patterns mathematically expressed as:















f(x) = \text{Re} \left( A \cdot (W x) \cdot e^{i\phi} \right)















- A: Adjacency matrix







- W: Learnable weights







- e^{i\phi}: Quantum phase factor















2. Federated Learning Integration:















Client nodes compute local updates on their respective subgraphs.















Updates are encrypted using QKD-derived keys before transmission.















A central server aggregates encrypted updates securely.















3. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):















The BB84 protocol generates symmetric encryption keys between client and server.















QKD ensures key confidentiality based on quantum mechanics, preventing interception.















Key updates follow:















K_\text{secure} = \text{min-entropy}(QKD)















4. Quantum-Safe Gradient Encryption:















Encrypted gradients utilize XOR operations:















g_\text{encrypted} = g \oplus K_\text{secure}















5. Secure Aggregation:















Gradients are decrypted post-aggregation using the same key:















g_\text{decrypted} = g_\text{encrypted} \oplus K_\text{secure}















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Mathematical Formalization















Wave Propagation in Graphs (WaveGNN):















H^{(l+1)} = \text{Re} \left( \sigma \left( A H^{(l)} W^{(l)} \right) \cdot e^{i\Phi^{(l)}} \right)















: Node features at layer















: Learnable weights at layer















: Learnable phase shift















: Adjacency matrix















: Nonlinear activation function















Federated Update Process:















1. Client Update:















\Delta W_i = \nabla \mathcal{L}(H_i, Y_i)















\Delta W_i^\text{enc} = \Delta W_i \oplus K_i















2. Server Aggregation:















\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W_i^\text{enc}















3. Decryption:















\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}















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System Components















1. WaveGNN Layer:















Extends classical GNNs with quantum-inspired wave propagation.















Enables complex-valued transformations through quantum phases.















2. QKD Infrastructure:















Physical QKD channels establish secure keys between all parties.















Prevents eavesdropping through the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics.















3. Encryption Module:















XOR-based symmetric encryption leveraging QKD keys.















4. Federated Learning Workflow:















Local training at client nodes.















QKD-secured communication for gradient exchange.















Global aggregation at a central server.















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Claims















1. WaveGNN Integration:







A novel GNN architecture utilizing quantum phase modulation for wave-inspired graph propagation.















2. QKD Encryption:







Application of QKD-derived keys for secure federated learning gradient exchange.















3. Secure Aggregation:







Quantum-safe aggregation mechanism ensuring parameter confidentiality.















4. Scalability:







Compatibility with decentralized and large-scale federated networks.















5. Inventor:







Gazi Pollob Hussain as the sole innovator of this quantum-enhanced federated learning framework.















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Innovation Diagram















Layer Interaction:















1. Node Update:















H_i^\text{new} = \text{Re} \left( \sum_{j \in N(i)} H_j W e^{i\phi} \right)















2. Encryption Flow:















Input: Local gradient ()















Process:















Output: Encrypted gradient















Aggregation:















1. Encrypted Inputs:















\Delta W^\text{enc}_1, \Delta W^\text{enc}_2, \dots, \Delta W^\text{enc}_N















2. Secure Sum:















\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W^\text{enc}_i















3. Decrypted Output:















\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}















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Summary of Innovation:







This architecture, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a quantum-enhanced federated learning system that secures data exchange through QKD-derived encryption. It leverages the WaveGNN for wave-based propagation and quantum-phase modulation to enhance representational power in graph learning tasks. The integration of QKD ensures that the system remains impervious to classical and quantum attacks, making it a groundbreaking framework for secure distributed learning.















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