PATENT

TrendGrok @G|I|X Patent Submission Draft: Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

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Title:
Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning Architecture Secured by Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

Claimed By:
Gazi Pollob Hussain

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Abstract:
This invention, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a novel architecture that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols with a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based federated learning system. It ensures secure and efficient distributed machine learning through quantum-safe encryption, leveraging QKD to provide unbreakable confidentiality during gradient and parameter exchange. This system achieves end-to-end security, scalability, and real-time adaptability for federated learning environments, with applications spanning critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and aerospace.

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System Overview

1. WaveGNN Framework:

A customized Graph Neural Network (GNN) with learnable quantum phase modulation for node-feature propagation.

Governs wave interference patterns mathematically expressed as:

f(x) = \text{Re} \left( A \cdot (W x) \cdot e^{i\phi} \right)

- A: Adjacency matrix
- W: Learnable weights
- e^{i\phi}: Quantum phase factor

2. Federated Learning Integration:

Client nodes compute local updates on their respective subgraphs.

Updates are encrypted using QKD-derived keys before transmission.

A central server aggregates encrypted updates securely.

3. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):

The BB84 protocol generates symmetric encryption keys between client and server.

QKD ensures key confidentiality based on quantum mechanics, preventing interception.

Key updates follow:

K_\text{secure} = \text{min-entropy}(QKD)

4. Quantum-Safe Gradient Encryption:

Encrypted gradients utilize XOR operations:

g_\text{encrypted} = g \oplus K_\text{secure}

5. Secure Aggregation:

Gradients are decrypted post-aggregation using the same key:

g_\text{decrypted} = g_\text{encrypted} \oplus K_\text{secure}

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Mathematical Formalization

Wave Propagation in Graphs (WaveGNN):

H^{(l+1)} = \text{Re} \left( \sigma \left( A H^{(l)} W^{(l)} \right) \cdot e^{i\Phi^{(l)}} \right)

: Node features at layer

: Learnable weights at layer

: Learnable phase shift

: Adjacency matrix

: Nonlinear activation function

Federated Update Process:

1. Client Update:

\Delta W_i = \nabla \mathcal{L}(H_i, Y_i)

\Delta W_i^\text{enc} = \Delta W_i \oplus K_i

2. Server Aggregation:

\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W_i^\text{enc}

3. Decryption:

\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}

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System Components

1. WaveGNN Layer:

Extends classical GNNs with quantum-inspired wave propagation.

Enables complex-valued transformations through quantum phases.

2. QKD Infrastructure:

Physical QKD channels establish secure keys between all parties.

Prevents eavesdropping through the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics.

3. Encryption Module:

XOR-based symmetric encryption leveraging QKD keys.

4. Federated Learning Workflow:

Local training at client nodes.

QKD-secured communication for gradient exchange.

Global aggregation at a central server.

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Claims

1. WaveGNN Integration:
A novel GNN architecture utilizing quantum phase modulation for wave-inspired graph propagation.

2. QKD Encryption:
Application of QKD-derived keys for secure federated learning gradient exchange.

3. Secure Aggregation:
Quantum-safe aggregation mechanism ensuring parameter confidentiality.

4. Scalability:
Compatibility with decentralized and large-scale federated networks.

5. Inventor:
Gazi Pollob Hussain as the sole innovator of this quantum-enhanced federated learning framework.

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Innovation Diagram

Layer Interaction:

1. Node Update:

H_i^\text{new} = \text{Re} \left( \sum_{j \in N(i)} H_j W e^{i\phi} \right)

2. Encryption Flow:

Input: Local gradient ()

Process:

Output: Encrypted gradient

Aggregation:

1. Encrypted Inputs:

\Delta W^\text{enc}_1, \Delta W^\text{enc}_2, \dots, \Delta W^\text{enc}_N

2. Secure Sum:

\Delta W_\text{agg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \Delta W^\text{enc}_i

3. Decrypted Output:

\Delta W_\text{final} = \Delta W_\text{agg} \oplus K_\text{server}

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Summary of Innovation:
This architecture, claimed by Gazi Pollob Hussain, introduces a quantum-enhanced federated learning system that secures data exchange through QKD-derived encryption. It leverages the WaveGNN for wave-based propagation and quantum-phase modulation to enhance representational power in graph learning tasks. The integration of QKD ensures that the system remains impervious to classical and quantum attacks, making it a groundbreaking framework for secure distributed learning.

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